An autonomous vehicle, also known as a self-driving vehicle, is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human control. It is one of the major factors of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
An autonomous vehicle, also known as a self-driving vehicle, is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human control. It is one of the major factors of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), which represents the integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The main goal of ITS is to achieve a reduction in traffic and pedestrian fatalities, and enhance transport infrastructure systems, through the realization of autonomous driving. Besides ITS, autonomous vehicles also play an important role in future industrial applications such as automated fruit/flower harvesting, automated forklifts, automatic guided vehicle (AGV), etc.
Advanced 8K panoramic capabilities
To perceive their surroundings and replicate human driving, autonomous vehicles integrate a variety of components to its sensor and vision systems, that can scale to millions of vehicles and work in diverse lighting and weather conditions. High-quality, ruggedized and precision imaging solutions which include 3D object resolution, static and dynamic object screening, and 360-degree horizontal coverage are adopted. The result of Installing 8K panoramic cameras is vast amounts of real time data being transmitted which in turn requires a large bandwidth capacity.
Real-time 3D mapping capabilities
Besides high quality vision solutions, powerful sensor systems that include sonar, radar, GPS, odometry and LiDAR, are also necessary. To provide adaptive cruise control, collision avoidance, and blind-spot detection, a 3D map is generated from the sensor data collected. For example, LiDAR can capture shapes of the environment around the vehicle by scanning its surroundings with a beam of light. Static objects as well as moving ones are tracked in real-time. An automated fruit harvester or an automated forklift may not need 8K high resolution vision quality, however, these autonomous vehicles still integrate optic sensors (cameras), speed or laser sensors, and software to build a 3D map of its operating environment and to navigate the operation. Thus, the massive data transmission requirements are still commonly seen in those applications.
Challenges of autonomous vehicle’s networking
Reliability
Safety is a top priority in autonomous vehicles applications, any interruption of this service is not acceptable, including networking transmission. If the network were to go down, all the vision and sensor connections would fail. This could cause serious safety issues. Thus, it is important to build a rugged and reliable networking environment.
Bandwidth and speed
The bandwidth capacity is critical. All the data is transmitted in real-time, including the 8K panoramic vision data. Any lack of bandwidth will result in missing or an interruption of vision data for human-less driving. With all the sensors and vision system sending a vast amount of data around the network this requires a huge bandwidth capability, this is required to create a seamless imaging system for the autonomous vehicle, one other parameter also needs to be considered is the speed of the network.
Power over Ethernet
More and more devices are supporting Power over Ethernet (PoE) now, including the sensors and cameras installed on autonomous vehicles. This standardized technology integrates the Ethernet data transmission and power supply into one single Ethernet cable, this has the following advantages, reduced cabling, reduced component count, reduced installation time and reduced maintenance.
Compatibility with vehicle’s power supply
12V/24V power supply is commonly seen on autonomous vehicles and other vehicles. Any devices powered by the vehicle should be able to accept 12V/24V power input and function well under heavy load, low voltage and changing conditions.
Lantech’s Solution – 10GbE Ethernet Switches
- Up to 6x10GbE Ethernet Ports
- 12/24VDC power booster to 48VDC
- 802.3at/af Power over Ethernet standard (up to 30W per port)
- M12 connectors with EN50155 verified or RJ45 connectors with IP30 rated housing
- PoE budget of EN50155 models: 80W
- PoE budget of DIN-Rail models: 120W@24VDC / 80W@12VDC
- Support IGMP v3 to manage multicast
- Support VLAN to confine the broadcast domains on a network that can significantly reduce traffic